Complaint volume
347 consumer-submitted complaints are matched to this model year. Treat the count as a research signal, then read the actual summaries for repeated symptoms.
Complaint records
2022 Jeep Grand Cherokee Complaints
347 consumer-submitted complaints on record for the 2022 Jeep Grand Cherokee, grouped by component category.
347 Total complaints
13 Crash reports
0 Fire reports
5 Injury reports
Complaint data reflects consumer-submitted reports. A complaint is not proof
of a defect, recall, or manufacturer fault. Enriched severity fields come
from official bulk records when the complaint can be matched by ODI number.
Buyer interpretation
How to use these complaints before buying
Complaint records are most useful when they turn into inspection points, seller questions, and comparison checks against nearby model years.
Pattern to inspect
The most common categories are electrical system, forward collision avoidance, unknown or other. Use those categories as a test-drive checklist instead of judging the vehicle from the total count alone.
Severity flags
Enriched records include 13 crash reports, 0 fire reports, 5 injury reports, and 0 fatality reports. These fields come from complaint records and should be read in context.
Mileage clue
Mileage is available on 40 complaints, with an average reported failure mileage of 22,854 miles. Compare that with the mileage on the listing.
Questions to ask the seller
- Have you had any problems related to electrical system, forward collision avoidance, unknown or other?
- Can I see recent maintenance and repair records?
- Has the vehicle ever been towed, involved in a crash, or repaired for the same issue twice?
- Can we also check the recall record for this 2022 Jeep Grand Cherokee?
Used-car checklist
Use these complaints before the test drive.
Build a buyer checklist to turn these issues into questions and inspection points.
2022 Jeep Grand Cherokee
Build buyer checklist Compare with other years Sends year, make, and model to pre-fill your checklist.
How severe are the 2022 Jeep Grand Cherokee complaints?
13 Crash
0 Fire
5 Injury
0 Fatality
16 Towed
6 Medical attention
What are the most common 2022 Jeep Grand Cherokee complaint categories?
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM 54
FORWARD COLLISION AVOIDANCE 15
UNKNOWN OR OTHER 14
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM,FORWARD COLLISION AVOIDANCE 12
POWER TRAIN,ELECTRICAL SYSTEM,ENGINE 12
POWER TRAIN 11
STEERING 11
ENGINE 10
FUEL/PROPULSION SYSTEM 10
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM,ENGINE,FUEL/PROPULSION SYSTEM 9
347 total complaints on record
Latest complaints
| Date | Component | Summary | Severity | Mileage |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nov 2025 | ELECTRICAL SYSTEM | The contact owns a 2022 Jeep Grand Cherokee. The contact received notification of NHTSA Campaign Number: 25V741000 (Electrical System); however, the part to do the recall repair was not yet available. The contact stated that while in park(P), the vehicle lost power. Two unknown warning lights were illuminated. In addition, the contact stated that while her husband was driving approximately 70 MPH, the transmission unexpectedly downshifted while the accelerator pedal was depressed. The vehicle was towed to the local dealer on several occasions, where the ECM and an unknown module were replaced. In addition, the system was restarted; however, the failures persisted, and the local dealer related the failure to NHTSA Campaign Number: 25V741000 (Electrical System); however, parts were not yet available for the recall repair. The contact stated that the vehicle remained at the local dealer, exposed to the weather for approximately 3 months. The manufacturer was not made aware of the failure. The failure mileage was approximately 2,300. | Crash: No Fire: No Towed | 2,300 |
| Nov 2025 | ELECTRICAL SYSTEM,ENGINE,FUEL/PROPULSION SYSTEM | I was driving home from work and all of a sudden I am pushing the gas pedal down but unable to go faster. I lost complete power. The car was in gas mode at the time of incident. I could not start the car or move the dial from park, neutral, etc... I had to get out of the car lock it, get back in and I was able to start and go straight to the dealership. | Crash: No Fire: No | Unknown |
| Nov 2025 | ELECTRICAL SYSTEM,UNKNOWN OR OTHER,BACK OVER PREVENTION | Hello, I am reaching out to formally escalate an ongoing safety concern with my vehicle’s reverse guidance system, which continues to malfunction despite multiple service visits. This issue directly affects my ability to safely operate the vehicle and creates a daily hazard while backing up. I have already taken my vehicle to the dealership multiple times, and each attempt has failed to resolve the problem long-term. I have also contacted Jeep Corporate and was assigned Case Number, which has since been escalated to a case manager. However, the issue remains unresolved, and I am no closer to a permanent fix. This problem is especially concerning given the recent Jeep recalls involving camera, rear-visibility, and electrical/software issues. The recurring malfunction in my reverse guidance system appears to be directly aligned with the types of failures documented in these recalls, further reinforcing that this is not an isolated defect. At this time, I am requesting the following: 1.Immediate review and escalation of my case. 2.A definitive corrective action plan to permanently repair the reverse guidance system. 3.Confirmation on whether my vehicle qualifies for any recall-related repairs, software updates, or component replacements related to rear-visibility systems. 4.If the issue cannot be corrected, I am requesting that Jeep explore goodwill options, including replacement or repurchase consideration, given the repeated failures and ongoing safety risk. I have been patient throughout this process, but the unresolved malfunction of a critical safety system is unacceptable. Please respond as soon as possible with next steps. Thank you, [XXX] [XXX] [XXXX@icloud.com] Vin [XXX] INFORMATION REDACTED PURSUANT TO THE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT (FOIA), 5 U.S.C. 552(B)(6) | Crash: No Fire: No | Unknown |
| Nov 2025 | ELECTRICAL SYSTEM,FUEL/PROPULSION SYSTEM | This vehicle is subject to Safety Recall 68C for battery fire risk. The manufacturer issued a directive to park outside away from structures and do not charge the vehicle due to extreme fire risk. Despite having an open case with Jeep, there have been three failed supervisor callbacks with no resolution provided. The remedy is not yet available. The owner refuses to drive this vehicle and refuses to allow his wife to drive it due to serious safety concerns. If the car catches fire while she is driving, there is fear she will not have enough time to protect herself. This is an extremely scary and dangerous situation for the family. Additionally, the owner fears the house could catch fire while sleeping because of this vehicle parked nearby, even following the manufacturer's parking directive. This recall creates an impossible hardship - the vehicle cannot be safely driven or charged, yet no buyback or replacement has been offered. The vehicle was recently purchased in December 2024 and now sits unusable at 39,000 miles due to this unresolved safety defect. The manufacturer has failed to provide a timely remedy despite multiple contact attempts. A full vehicle buyback or replacement with a non-affected model is the only acceptable resolution to this extreme safety risk. | Crash: No Fire: No | Unknown |
| Nov 2025 | VISIBILITY/WIPER | Vehicle has no heat or defroster when PHEV battery is depleted or low on power. There is a recall for fire risk with instructions to not charge the battery pack but there is no heat if I don’t. This makes vehicle unsafe to use | Crash: No Fire: No | Unknown |
| Nov 2025 | ELECTRICAL SYSTEM,VEHICLE SPEED CONTROL,FORWARD COLLISION AVOIDANCE | The system has many errors, The primary issue is the forward collision warning indicator light is on showing that the service is off. But it isn't, you can go into the system settings and turn the service on and off without issue. The light stays on. It does work as far as I can tell also. It seems to be causing the paddle shifting to be disabled. I can't downshift going down a steep grade and am being required to use by brakes. Which can be very dangerous. It is causing another issue that I cannot recall at the moment. There is another issue with the settings of the vehicle randomly changing to Euro type metric settings. The clock changing to 24 hour, tire pressure changing to kpa? mph changing to kph, all the different unit of measurements changing over. Randomly, not at the same time but consistently every few weeks. At first it seemed like it was connected to a monthly software update, but now its random. The vehicle has been taken to a Jeep dealership in Sherman, tx about the issue of the Forward collision system and they fixed it. Then the problem reappeared a month afterward. I've called and they confirm that the correct US software is installed. I am the only driver of the vehicle, so no one else is changing the settings. I work a full time 9-5 job and do not work close to a dealership, which has become an issue for these matters. All the issues I have had with the vehicle seem to be related to them updating the software without my approval. Currently my vehicle has 71k miles on it and won't be covered by the 50k warranty. The warning light issue started after 50k miles. | Crash: No Fire: No | Unknown |
| Nov 2025 | FORWARD COLLISION AVOIDANCE,LANE DEPARTURE | randomly, and without warning, the instruments, gauges, and displays will switch into a language I do not speak or understand (Italian). Coinciding with the switch to Italian language, cluster and radio display settings revert back to default settings, auto door locks and paddle shifter becomes inoperative (with no menu to enable), pedestrian emergency brake (peb) lamp or forward collision warning (fcw) lamp turns on with no way to disable, units of measurement including speed, temperature, etc. all change, and many other random settings change as well. ***This is clearly a dangerous situation because of all the functions and gauges that change, and the fact it is difficult if not impossible to recover from this due to the language of the setting menus, and the complexity of discovering and navigating through all these changes. I have taken it to the dealer twice, and they say there is nothing they can do and to wait for a possible software update, but none has come and it has been over a year. When this happens, even if one is able to wade through all the settings menus and change setting back, some items cannot be reset (like the FCA off lamp).almost caused crash twice!!! | Crash: No Fire: No | Unknown |
| Oct 2025 | ELECTRICAL SYSTEM,FORWARD COLLISION AVOIDANCE | Randomly, & without warning, the instrument cluster & Uconnect display will glitch and flicker off then on but switch into language I do not speak or understand (Italian). Coinciding with language switch, instrument cluster & radio display settings revert back to default settings, paddle shifter becomes inoperative (with no menu option to enable), forward collision warning (fcw) lamp turns on with no way to disable, units of measurement including speed, temperature, etc. all change & menu option to switch units back to Fahrenheit gone, auto tilting mirrors in reverse off . ***This is clearly a dangerous situation because of all the functions &gauges that change while driving & the fact it is difficult if not impossible to recover from this due to the language of the setting menus, & the complexity of finding & navigating menus to try to wade through all the settings menus &change setting back, some items cannot be reset (like the FCA off lamp and temp units). I have taken it to the dealer for diagnostic, they found no error codes but found service bulletin S210800193 and S2108000221 performed IPC Customer programmable features Configuration to temporarily correct the issue, but it happened again 3 weeks later. I had to pay $254 for this service, and the issue isn't fixed. Here is an example forum discussion, indicating many if not all vehicles are affected: https://www.jeepgarage.org/threads/forward-collision-warning-off-light-is-stuck-on.250301/#replies Many people on the forum believe this issue did not start until a software update a year or so ago. This is a well known and widespread problem, and there is even a DOT Bulletin on the issue: dot.report Bulletins https://dot.report/bulletins/11006236 Because this is dangerous and very distracting while driving (for settings/gauges/units to no longer be useful while driving), and it occurs randomly, I strongly believe this issue should be a manufacturer recall. I am available for any needs. | Crash: No Fire: No | Unknown |
| Oct 2025 | ELECTRICAL SYSTEM,FORWARD COLLISION AVOIDANCE | Randomly, and without warning, the instruments, gauges, and displays will switch into a language I do not speak or understand (Italian). Coinciding with the switch to Italian language, cluster and radio display settings revert back to default settings, auto door locks and paddle shifter becomes inoperative (with no menu to enable), pedestrian emergency brake (peb) lamp or forward collision warning (fcw) lamp turns on with no way to disable, units of measurement including speed, temperature, etc. all change, and many other random settings change as well. ***This is clearly a dangerous situation because of all the functions and gauges that change, and the fact it is difficult if not impossible to recover from this due to the language of the setting menus, and the complexity of discovering and navigating through all these changes. I have taken it to the dealer 7 times, and they say there is nothing they can do and to wait for a possible software update, but none has come and it has been over two years. When this happens, even if one is able to wade through all the settings menus and change setting back, some items cannot be reset (like the FCA off lamp). According to various Jeep owner forums, some dealers have been able to reset something and temporarily correct the issue, but they charge for this service, and the issue returns randomly again. Here is an example forum discussion, indicating many if not all vehicles are affected: [XXX] Many people on the forum believe this issue did not start until a software update a year or so ago. This is a well known and widespread problem, and there is even a DOT Bulletin on the issue: dot.report Bulletins Because this is dangerous (for settings/gauges/units to no longer be useful while driving), and it occurs randomly, I strongly believe this issue should be a manufacturer recall. I am available for any needs. INFORMATION REDACTED PURSUANT TO THE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT (FOIA), 5 U.S.C. 552(B)(6) | Crash: No Fire: No | Unknown |
| Oct 2025 | STEERING,ELECTRICAL SYSTEM,FORWARD COLLISION AVOIDANCE | While driving all warning lights were activated and power steering completely failed. The vehicle was in drive and fully charged | Crash: No Fire: No | Unknown |
| Oct 2025 | ELECTRICAL SYSTEM,UNKNOWN OR OTHER | On September 17th I was driving approximately 65-70MPH on the freeway when the dashboard flashed the "Service Hybrid Electric Vehicle System" warning and icon. My vehicle lost forward momentum and I slowed at a very rapid pace. I pressed on the gas and the vehicle switched over to the gas system, regained power and I was able to drive without further incident that day. I feel like I could have crashed on the highway and gotten injured, or injured someone else! On October 11th I was driving in a restaurant parking lot, approximately 5 miles per hour and starting to idle when the vehicle dashboard flashed the "Service Hybrid Electric Vehicle System" warning and icon. This time ,the vehicle shifted itself to park suddenly and I received an alert to press the brake to turn the vehicle off. After several attempts, I was able to turn the car off and back on again. I have an appointment on October 17 for the issue to be looked at by the dealership. This is a 4xe with only 40k miles on it. | Crash: No Fire: No | Unknown |
| Oct 2025 | SERVICE BRAKES,FORWARD COLLISION AVOIDANCE,LANE DEPARTURE | While driving on a local neighborhood street at approximately 38 miles per hour, ( cruise control possibly engaged) , all the lights on my dashboard suddenly illuminated. A messages appeared stating that service was required for every guidance and braking system. At that moment I became concerned, so I attempted to use the brake. Despite pressing the brake pedal as hard as I could, the car did not slow down. I cannot remember if I downshifted using the paddle shifters on the steering wheel, but I was able to coast to a manageable speed and pull into a parking lot. I then turned the vehicle off and on again, but all the warning lights remained on the dashboard. After waiting for about five minutes, the vehicle was restarted, and this time none of the warning lights were on. Since I was very close to home, I drove the rest of the way very slowly. Later, I searched online and discovered that other people have experienced this same problem. Some of the information I read suggested that water can get into a component, and it had been raining on the day of the incident and the day before. My primary safety concern is what would have happened if I had been approaching a stoplight or driving on a freeway where I needed to stop suddenly. I am confident that I would not have been able to stop in time to avoid a crash. It is frightening to think of what could happen if a child were to run into the street and this happening. I immediately made an appointment with my local Jeep dealership. The dealer has since driven the vehicle 98 miles but has not yet been able to replicate the issue. | Crash: No Fire: No | Unknown |
| Oct 2025 | ELECTRICAL SYSTEM | The main power window and power lock panel part number 68410642AC on the driver side door stopped working completely. Leaving me unable to open and close my windows and lock my doors. | Crash: No Fire: No | Unknown |
| Oct 2025 | ELECTRICAL SYSTEM,FORWARD COLLISION AVOIDANCE | This happened 4 tines before Randomly, and without warning, the instruments, gauges, and displays will switch into a language I do not speak or understand (Italian). Coinciding with the switch to Italian language, cluster and radio display settings revert back to default settings, auto door locks and paddle shifter becomes inoperative (with no menu to enable), pedestrian emergency brake (peb) lamp or forward collision warning (fcw) lamp turns on with no way to disable, units of measurement including speed, temperature, etc. all change, and many other random settings change as well. ***This is clearly a dangerous situation because of all the functions and gauges that change, and the fact it is difficult if not impossible to recover from this due to the language of the setting menus, and the complexity of discovering and navigating through all these changes. I have taken it to the dealer twice, and they say there is nothing they can do and to wait for a possible software update, but none has come and it has been over a year. When this happens, even if one is able to wade through all the settings menus and change setting back, some items cannot be reset (like the FCA off lamp). According to various Jeep owner forums, some dealers have been able to reset something and temporarily correct the issue, but they charge for this service, and the issue returns randomly again. Here is an example forum discussion, indicating many if not all vehicles are affected: [XXX] Many people on the forum believe this issue did not start until a software update a year or so ago. This is a well known and widespread problem, and there is even a DOT Bulletin on the issue: dot.report Bulletins Because this is dangerous (for settings/gauges/units to no longer be useful while driving), and it occurs randomly, I strongly believe this issue should be a manufacturer recall. I am available for any needs." INFORMATION REDACTED PURSUANT TO THE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT (FOIA), 5 U.S.C. 552(B)(6) | Crash: No Fire: No | Unknown |
| Oct 2025 | SUSPENSION | Bolt connecting tension link to cradle snapped. We were on the highway at the time (approx 70 MPH) and vehicle became difficult to drive. These bolts are known to be susceptible to breaking and Jeep has reportedly upgraded these bolts on newer models. | Crash: No Fire: No | Unknown |
| Oct 2025 | FUEL/PROPULSION SYSTEM | The Hybrid System had a failure - flashed on the screen - and then shut off/ could not use acceleration pedal. This notification had appeared twice before, taken to the dealer, and told it was just a glitch. My wife was on the interstate when she lost he ability to accelerate. We had it towed to the original dealership of purchase. The Jeep is sitting at the dealership now. | Crash: No Fire: No | Unknown |
| Oct 2025 | ENGINE,FUEL/PROPULSION SYSTEM | Three times in two days, the engine propulsion system malfunctioned. On two occassions I could not increase my initial speed above approximately 30 mph. On another instance, I had been driving above 30 mph, came to a stop, and could not resume speed above approximately 30 mph | Crash: No Fire: No | Unknown |
| Sep 2025 | POWER TRAIN,ELECTRICAL SYSTEM,ENGINE | The car will cut off and loose power due to the battery issue It has been in the shop 5 or 6 times for this issue and some of the stays were over 30 days at a time They said they have no fix for the repair needed not to drive it but no one can make payments on a car and not drive it for months waiting on a repair. They refused to buy the car back or replace it with a new one. | Crash: No Fire: No | Unknown |
| Sep 2025 | STEERING,ELECTRICAL SYSTEM,FUEL/PROPULSION SYSTEM | The electrical system of this vehicle is causing several issues putting the safety of me, my passengers and drivers around me at risk. Starting at 6,300 miles the vehicle had a temporary loss of power steering. After parking for a day the power steering returned, leading me to believe it was caused by an electrical/software code issue. There was a safety recall for the battery pack starting on fire while parked, driving or charging. No fix was available for quite a while and I could not charge the car or park in the garage. Shortly after having the computer updated to stop it from spontaneously catching fire I have been getting a warning light saying to maintenance the hybrid system, and is accompanied with a momentary loss of propulsion. This happens without warning every 150 miles or so. The dealership said it had a ‘digital crash’ code and was not able to reproduce, but I have video evidence of the warning lamp coming on and then clearing itself. There is now a safety recall issued for this exact problem with no fix available at this time. There are no warning lamps in advance of these issues occurring, only concurrent to the issue happening. I do not feel safe driving this vehicle. Past experience tells me I could lose propulsion and/or steering at any time. I need to drive to work, it is unrealistic to not drive my vehicle until a resolution is found for the current round of safety recalls. I am afraid this vehicle is going to kill someone. | Crash: No Fire: No | Unknown |
| Sep 2025 | POWER TRAIN | After dealer installed recall 24V-720 on 1/15/2025, I started seeing Red Wrench light and warning to Service Hybrid System a few times each month. The warnings only flashed for a few seconds and disappeared - no service engine light. Also, the vehicle failed to charge about half the time. In early May, I was driving (in hybrid mode) about 45 miles per hour, and the Red Wrench light and warning to Service Hybrid System flashed and disappeared. The car would NOT accelerate! I DRIFTED to a safe spot, turned off the car, and restarted and now could accelerate. I was lucky! I brought the vehicle to Jeep on May 19, 2025. It was there for about 10 days and they found nothing - not able to reproduce and no errors logged, etc.They created a STAR Case (#1020705742) and still no solution. This is exactly recall 25V-576. The vehicle always charges now even though Jeep says they only cleared other errors. I brought the vehicle to Jeep on September 10 and they didn't see any saved errors. NO updates to STAR Case. I continue to see the Red Wrench light and warning to Service Hybrid System every week or so. But, have only lost power once. I'm afraid to drive the vehicle - always looking for a place to safely stop. How can a vehicle lose power and not log a Service Engine error! I need a FIX! I looked at selling the vehicle but it has lost a lot of value likely due to all the recalls. I believe the battery has issues and should be replaced. Recall 24V-720 only installed software to watch the battery. However, nothing is ever logged. | Crash: No Fire: No | Unknown |
| Sep 2025 | ELECTRICAL SYSTEM,FUEL/PROPULSION SYSTEM | While driving 65-70mph on the Interstate, my car seemed to have lost power. When I looked at the dash, a red wrench was displayed with a message to have the hybrid electrical system serviced. I pressed down on the accelerator, nothing happened. I immediately started to move into the right lanes since traffic was moving fast. I didn’t want to get hit or cause an accident. By the time I coasted into the far right lane my car seemed to have recovered and reacted appropriately when I pressed on the accelerator. Since this incident, the red wrench and message have flashed on my dashboard at least five more times, but thank goodness I haven’t lost power again. I am taking it into the dealer for inspection. It has not been inspected by anyone yet, but I am afraid to drive it. | Crash: No Fire: No | Unknown |
| Sep 2025 | ELECTRICAL SYSTEM,ENGINE,FUEL/PROPULSION SYSTEM | The vehicle experienced repeated propulsion loss and powertrain malfunction while driving, creating a serious safety risk. This defect has now been formally acknowledged by FCA/Stellantis through NHTSA Recall 25V576 (filed on September 4, 2025). Prior to the recall, I raised these safety concerns through the NCDS arbitration program, but my case was closed despite documentation of the defect. The arbitration program stated the matter was “resolved,” even though I had rejected the arbitrator’s decision and the case was procedurally closed without binding resolution. After the recall was issued, I requested that my case be reopened under NCDS Rule 20, which allows refiling when new or material evidence is presented. That request was denied, leaving me without a remedy despite the existence of an active recall for the exact defect I had reported. The safety issue remains ongoing. The vehicle has lost propulsion multiple times while in motion, creating risk of collision. Warning messages have appeared on the dashboard prior to failure, and the issue has been reproduced at service centers. This matter highlights both the safety hazard of the defect itself and a procedural concern: consumers may be denied meaningful remedies even after safety recalls are issued. | Crash: No Fire: No | Unknown |
| Sep 2025 | ELECTRICAL SYSTEM | The contact owns a 2022 Jeep Grand Cherokee. The contact received notification of NHTSA Campaign Number: 25V576000 (Electrical System); however, the part to do the recall repair was unavailable. The contact stated that the manufacturer had exceeded a reasonable amount of time for the recall repair. The contact stated that while the vehicle was idling in a parking lot, the contact attempted to accelerate, but the vehicle failed to accelerate. The contact was unable to move the gear shifter, and the vehicle could not be turned off. The Service Hybrid System and the Battery Failure warning lights were illuminated. The failure lasted for 45 minutes to an hour before the vehicle started functioning properly, and the warning lights were no longer illuminated. The vehicle was taken to the dealer, who was unable to determine the cause of the failure. The vehicle was not repaired. The failure occurred a second time and lasted for a shorter while. The Service Hybrid System warning light illuminated intermittently. The vehicle was returned to the dealer, who was unable to determine the cause of the failure. While at the deal, it became known that the VIN was included in NHTSA Campaign Number: 25V576000 (Electrical System); however, there was no part available for the recall repair. The manufacturer was informed of the failure, and a case was opened. The failure mileage was approximately 20,900. | Crash: No Fire: No | 20,900 |
| Sep 2025 | ELECTRICAL SYSTEM | On September 11, 2025 the car was in electric mode. Upon turning on the air it gave a message that electric mode was unavailable for Cooling or Heating. It also made knocking sounds like something was loose. It is still giving the error as of September 16, 2025 and I can't drive in electric mode with the AC or defroster on. Does not matter what speed or if the car is parked, it gives the same error. | Crash: No Fire: No | Unknown |
| Sep 2025 | ELECTRICAL SYSTEM,ENGINE,FUEL/PROPULSION SYSTEM | Loss power to drive the vehicle while in motion Unable to steer vehicle during motion Vehicle slammed into park automatically Unable to restart vehicle for several minutes Vehicle warning to service hybrid system | Crash: No Fire: No | Unknown |